====== Server access maintenance ======

===== Users =====
**How can I see a list of my users?**
The list of users of your server is found in your /etc/password file. To see this list simply type:
  cat /etc/passwd 

You will then see a list such as:

  eric:x:1006:1006::/home/eric:/bin/sh
  john:x:1007:1007::/home/john:/bin/sh
  sibelius:x:1007:1007::/home/sibelius:/bin/sh
 

==== Changing your password ====
To change your password, log into your server using your account (for example, root) and type the following at the prompt:

  passwd

you will then be asked for your password. Enter it after the prompt:

  Enter new UNIX password:

...followed by a confirmation:
  Retype new UNIX password:

If you typed the same password twice, you will see the following message:

  passwd: password updated successfully




==== Changing a user's password as root ====
If you are logged in as 'root' and you want to change the password of one of your users, simply type (where billy is the name of the user):

  passwd billy

you will then be asked to enter the new password and confirm it:
  Enter new UNIX password:
  Retype new UNIX password:

If successful, you will see:
  passwd: password updated successfully



==== Creating additional users ====
To allow someone else to have access to your server, you need to make a user account for them. To do this simply type the following at the command prompt (where you replace johnny with the name of the new user):

  adduser freya

You will then be asked a series of questions - simply answer them as applicable:

  Adding user `freya' ...
  Adding new group `freya' (1004) ...
  Adding new user `freya' (1005) with group `freya' ...
  Creating home directory `/home/freya' ...
  Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
  Enter new UNIX password:
  Retype new UNIX password:
  passwd: password updated successfully
  Changing the user information for freya
  Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
        Full Name []: freya freyasson
        Room Number []:
        Work Phone []:
        Home Phone []:
        Other []: my cat
  Is the information correct? [y/N] y

==== Deleting users ====
To delete a user from your user list, simply type the following at the prompt (where 'phil' is replaced by the user to be deleted):

  userdel -r phil

Note: the -r option will remove files from the user's home directory, including the directory itself and the user's main spool.


===== Groups ====

===== Creating groups =====
To create a Group, type the following at the command prompt (where you replace 'friends' by the name of your new group):

  groupadd friends

===== Managing Group users =====
==== Adding users to a group ====
=== During the creation of a user ===
To add a user to a group during the creation of the user account, type the following command at the prompt (where you replace 'friends' by the group where you add the user, and 'eric' by the name of the user:

  useradd -g friends eric

(for more options refer to man useradd)

=== For an existing user ===

  usermod -g friends eric

(for more options refer to man usermod)